High temperature sodium battery price

What is a high temperature sodium sulfur battery?

High-temperature sodium–sulfur (HT Na–S) batteries were first developed for electric vehicle (EV) applications due to their high theoretical volumetric energy density. In 1968, Kummer et al. from Ford Motor Company first released the details of the HT Na–S battery system using a β″-alumina solid electrolyte .

What temperature do HT na S batteries need to operate?

According to their report, HT Na–S batteries need to operate at a temperature of approximately 300 to 350 °C, in which sodium metal, sulfur and the resulting polysulfides are all in molten states with high chemical reactivity. This causes severe safety concerns and limits the application of HT Na–S batteries for mobile devices and residential use.

Can high-temperature Na/NICL 2 and Na/S batteries be used for energy storage?

Development work is focused on use of high-temperature Na/NiCl 2 and Na/S batteries for economical stationary energy storage in connection with renewable energies for increased power generation. With target costs of €100/kWh (at the cell level), economical battery applications in combination with photovoltaics and wind energy will be made possible.

Are rechargeable room-temperature sodium–sulfur (na–S) batteries suitable for large-scale energy storage?

Rechargeable room-temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) and sodium–selenium (Na–Se) batteries are gaining extensive attention for potential large-scale energy storage applications owing to their low cost and high theoretical energy density.

How much does sodium ion cost per kWh?

However, the second generation sodium ion could reach $40 per kWh. Iron LFP batteries could get to $50/kWh with really high volume and efficiency at the cell level. The future low price of sodium ion would make for insanely cheap fixed storage products like the Tesla Megapack and Powerwalls. They also do not have practical material limits.

How much power does a sodium battery produce?

The first factory has about a 40 GWH per year capacity. China has 16 out of 20 globally planned or built sodium battery factories according to Benchmark Minerals. CATL’s first-generation sodium battery generates 160-watt-hours per kilogram. This is 10% less energy than iron LFP batteries and 40% less than mass produced nickel batteries.